Desalination is the process of removing salt–and other minerals–from water. While there are numerous alternative methods for doing this already, it is generally cost-prohibitive and uses exorbitant amounts of energy to do so. Because only a small percentage of the world’s water is actually available through other sources besides the ocean, this is a challenge we humans just keep ticking away at, trying to find a way to take the salt out of the ocean affordably so that we can use it for human consumption in mass proportions.
With the design and engineering concepts of Thomas Edison still going strong, researchers at GE were inspired by production of another crucial element we humans so require today: power.
As leaders in steam turbine technology, researchers at GE examined their own handiwork, which relies on pressurized steam for rotation and allowing generators to make electricity. They realized that the turbines had potential also for working in desalination. The only difference is that they’ve brought 3D printing into the picture to customize the necessary components, reaping another of the greatest rewards in additive manufacturing–as it allows for such latitude in design–and the creation of components that may not have previously been possible in the current capacity.
These 3D printed turbines have been scaled down significantly but will use GE’s same technology in causing a compressed combination of air, salt, and water to flow into a ‘hyper-cooling’ loop that is actually able to freeze saltwater. Upon freezing, the salt is separated from the ice, which in turn becomes clean water. The key for GE is in desalination with innovation–and that’s where 3D printing will be able to offer its main benefits, as it has in so many other sectors.
“97.5% of the earth’s water supply is virtually inaccessible because water desalination is still too expensive and difficult to deploy at a large scale. By putting desalination ‘on ice,’ we hope to change that dynamic,” said Vitali Lissianski, a chemical engineer and project leader at GE Global Research’s Energy Systems Lab. “Freezing seawater to treat it is nothing new, but the way we are doing it is very different. We’re tapping into our wealth of technical knowledge in turbomachinery to devise a cost-effective solution.”
“You might say we’re turbo charging our way to an affordable water desalination system,” Lissianski added.
“GE’s expertise with multiphase flows in steam turbines is a foundation for the development of a turbine for desalination technology,” said Douglas Hofer.
Hofer, leading the turbine technology development, is able to point out what makes this desalination process different, in that they are freezing the saltwater into ice and crystals while it is expanding through the turbine.
“Cooling the salty water, or brine droplets, by expanding cold gas in the turbine would greatly reduce the energy required for desalination,” said Hofer. “The heat transfer between the cooling gas and brine would be much more efficient compared to conventional thermal desalination systems.”
Customization comes in as a key component in this process because of the size of traditional steam turbines such as the ones seen in power plants. Built to enormous proportions and taking months to produce, the researchers from GE are taking that concept and putting it into miniature with digital design and additive manufacturing at their New York Global Research lab, as well as GE Aviation’s additive manufacturing facility in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Certainly not the first time we’ve seen 3D printing emerging regarding power or water, it is often connected with both because of the benefits 3D printing can offer in self-sustainability. There are so many incredible innovations happening within the 3D printing industry right now from manufacturing rocket components to using the technology within the medical industry for bioprinting, 3D models that assist in difficult and new surgeries, and creating a thriving world of 3D printed prosthetics, many made by volunteers; however, what 3D printing offers in terms of self-sustainability is a huge conversation unto itself.
The program between GE and the DOE will continue into the summer of 2016, at the end of which they hope to present optimistic findings regarding this new concept and a valid way to bring it to fruition with all the benefits of 3D printing. Discuss the possibilities of ocean desalination in the 3D Printed Turbine forum thread on 3DPB.com.
[Images: Business Wire]